Multitubular steam generator.



No. 776,732. PATENTED DEG. 6, 1904. E. DUCHESNE. MULTITUBULAR STEAMGENERATOR.

A Arpmonlon mm1) rma. a, 1904. No 310ML. v 4snsnTs-smnT 1.

4 SHEETB-SHEBT 2.

PATENTED DBO. 6, 1904.

E. DUGHESNB'. MULTITUBULAR'STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIGATIOH FILED FEB. 8, 1904.

No MODEL.

APPLIOATON FILED FEB. 8, 1904.

H0 MODEL.

No. 776,732. PATENTED DEC. 6, 1904.

- E. DUCHESNE.

MULTITUBULAR STEAM GENERATGR.

APPLICATION FILED PEB. 1904.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETSSH-EET 4. Y

"Egli M ERNEST DUCHESNE,

Patented December 6, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

OF PARIS, FRANCE.

IVIULTITUBULAR STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 776,732, dated December6, 1904.

Application iiled February 8,1904a Serial No. 192.607. (No model.)

To all whom, i?? 71u14/ concern.-

Be it known that I, ERNEST DUoriusNE, a citizen of the French Republic,residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Multitubular Steam- Generators, (for which I haveobtained a patent in France, No. 329,941, bearing date February 11,1903,) of which the following is a specification. My invention has forits object certain improvements in steam-generators in which the hotgases from a furnace iirst pass through a group of tubes in which thewater is converted into steam and then through a second group of tubesin which the steam produced in the first group is superheated beforepassing to the apparatus where it is utilized, the said improvementsenabling me to form an improved water and steam tube generator which Icall the Pluto generator.

The Said invention relates more particularly to the arrangement of thegroup of inner and outer tubes which communicate with a coinpartment,so-called water-header, and to their mounting as a whole in theapparatus, as well as the arrangement and mounting of the tubes of thesuperheating group.

The said invention further relates to the peculiar arrangement of thewater-header and of the feed-reservoir in order to insure for the waterwhich feeds these tubes and the steam which results therefrom apractical and well-deiined general circulation.

In order to more completely describe my invention, I will now refer tothe accompanying drawings, in which, as an example- Figure l is a frontelevation of an improved generator arranged conformably With myinvention, the right-hand part of this figure assuming the doors giving'admission to the generating and superheating groups of tubes to beremoved; Fig. 2, an elevation and partial section of the same apparatus,the section being made on the line at of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a detail View,on an enlarged scale, with part removed, of a portion of the group ofgenerating-tubes; Figs. 4 and 5, views in section, respectively, on thelines o Z and o f of Fig. 3; Figs. 6, 7, and 8, detail views indicatingthe mounting and arrangement of the tubes of the superheater group; Fig.9, a view in partial section, with portions removed, on the line g L ofFig. 8 of a portion of the superheater group of tubes; Fig'. 10, adiagrammatic view indicating the circulation of the water and the steamin the rear chamber of the generating group. Fig. 11 is an elevation andpartial section of a boiler constituted by the combination of twogenerators each substantially of the character of the boiler shown inFig. 2 and having a common water-header presenting' a V-shaped section.

The like reference characters indicate the like parts in the variousligures.

Asa whole my apparatus comprises a group 1 of generating-tubes, theparts of which connect at their rear end with a rear header 2,surmountedbya drum 3 for water and steam. On the other hand, the frontand closed ends of these elements penetrate into a front or header t,closed on the front of the apparatus by a door 5.

The gases from a furnace 6 pass through the generating group 1 and thenthrough a su perheating group 7, the tubes of which connect with asteam-header 8, and through which tubes 7 the steam produced in thegroup 1` may circulate. This steam is drawn from the top of the drum 3by means of a suitable valve 9 and reaches the header 8 by a pipe 10 inorder to pass through the tubes of the group 7 and from thence to go tothe apparatus, where it is to be used through a steam-valve 11. Anauxiliary steam-valve is also arranged at'12 in case it is desired toutilize the steam without directly super-lieatingit. The water-level inthe drum 3 is indicated by gage-glasses 13, the chambers 14 of which aresuitably connected in any ordinary manner with the said reservoir.

15 represents manometers, indicating the pressure of steam in the drum3, which pressure is evidently the same as that in the cham` bers 14 ofthe gage-glasses, while 1G represents safety-valves of any suitabletype.

17 is the door of the furnace, the grate 18 of which is slightlyinclined toward the rear, and 19 is the door of the ash-pit, the openingof this door enabling the air admitted under the grate to be regulated.

IOO

i internal feed-tube 23.

I will now more particularly describe the parts of the apparatus towhich the improvements forming the object of my invention relate. Thesaid improvements first relate to the arrangement of the tubes of thegenerating group l and to their mounting' as a whole in the apparatus,as I shall now hereinafter more particularly describe.

The rear header 2, with which the rear ends of the tubes of group lconnect, is formed of a frame or socket 20, supporting two plates and61, jrmly connected by stays 21, Figs. 2 and 3. At the lower part of thewater-space 2 a sludge-plug 62 is also arranged, enabling any soliddeposits which may arise from the feed-water to be eliminated. Each ofthe elements of the tubular group 1, Fig. 3, comprises an externalvaporizing-tube 22 and an The external tube 22 is rmly screwed at itsrear end into the tubeplate 60 and lits therein still more tightly owingto the conical shoulder 25, Fig. 3, separated from the threaded part 24by a groove 26. which receives a lubricant very largely formed ofgraphite. This arrangement has for its object to insure tightness, topreserve the surfaces in contact against oxidation, and to facilitatethe removal of the vaporizing-tubes. The front end of the external tube22 in the interior of the front header 4 is also terminated by athreaded part 27, having a groove 28 for graphite and terminated bytapering part 29. This end receives a movable breechpiece 30, and thewhole of these breech-pieces of the elements being on one face thusallows of the tubes being cleaned with the greatest facility.

The external or feed tube 23 has a diameter about one-half less thanthat of the vaporizing-tube 22, in which it is fixed by two small metalholders or trestles. One of these holders, 31, is arranged at the rearin order to prevent the tube 23 from descending toward the front. Thesecond of these trestles, 32, is arranged at the front and slightlyjammed into the vaporizing-tube 22 in order to maintain the feed-tube 23in its normal position. Figs. 4 and 5 represent these trestles orholders in section on the lines o CZ and e f of Fig. 3. This feed-tube23 has narrow slots on its upper generating-line, enabling bubbles whichmay be formed therein to be discharged into the vaporizing-tube 22, andit may be constituted by a tube or a simple piece of sheet metal bentaround without being soldered or riveted. The extremity of the tube 23which connects with the water-space has the form of a funnel 33, so asto facilitate the entrance of the liquid, and in this region it almosttouches the upper generatrix of the vaporizing-tube 22 in order to allowof the easy admission of the water. In the rear, on the contrary, it

almost touches the lower generatrix of the tube 22 in order to leave asmuch room as possible for the steam oescape or be released.

The front part of the tubes 22 is held up by a plate 34, perforated withholes slightly larger than the external diameter of said tubes. Betweenthese holes the plate 34 has other smaller ones, 35, Figs. 1 and 2,which have for their object to allow air to penetrate into the group 1in order to complete the combustion and usefully burn the smoke. Theholes 35 also allow of the introduction of a stem-jet for cleaningpurposes and the placing of zigzags or baille-plates in places where itis thought desirable to place them. These zigzags or baffle-plates 36are formed of solid or hollow lire-clay or metal cylinders. The zigzagsor baffle-plates 37, placed on the face, are hollow, and they project atthe front by apertures 35, so that air passes through them in order tobe heated before mixing with the gases of combustion, combustion ofwhich thus becomes complete. The holes 35 not utilized by thebaffle-plates are closed by means of special Stoppers. On the front door5 of the chamber 4 slide-regulators 38-socalledcombustion-regulatorsserve for regulating the quantity of air admitted.

The feed is effected simultaneously in all the tubes of the lower rows(three in the case of Fig. 3) by nozzles 39, Fig. 3, placed in front ofeach of them at the level of the feedtubes and fitted into the externalplate 61 of the header 2. On this plate a half-cylinder 63 is bolted orriveted, which serves as feedreservoir for all the nozzles and receivesa pipe 40, bringing water from the feed-pump. It has an easily-removablescrew-stopper 41 opposite each nozzle to allow of cleaning. The feed ofthe nozzles also takes place by means of individual external tubes, soas to be able to verify at a touch the good working of each of them.Finally, the feed-reservoir 63 has also at its lower part a sludge-cock64, usually closed, but enabling' possible deposits to be removed fromthe reservoir 63.

The improvements forming the object of my invention also relate to thearrangement and mounting of the tubes of the superheating group 7, as Ishall now more particularly hereinafter describe.

The vaporizing group 1 is surmounted by a group of superheating-tubes 7,Figs. l and 2, composed of several tiers of tubes 42, Figs. 6 to 9,closed at the rear and projecting in front into the steam-header 8,formed of a frame 43, and two plates 44 45 well tied by stays 65. One ofthese plates-the plate 44- is tubular and receives the front end of thetubes 42, which fit therein by means of a threaded part 46 and atapering' shoulder 47, Figs. 7 and 9, or merely a tapering shoulder,Fig. 8, having' a groove 48 filled with graphite lubricant. The frontplate 45 of this wall is provided with holes situated opposite the tubes42 and serving' for their insertion and cleaning. These holes arethreaded and receive a threaded plug 49, having an external Hange IOOIIO

50, provided with a groove 51, filled with graphite lubricant, andaccess may be obtained to these plugs by opening' the doors 66. Each oithese tubes 42 is divided into two tiers by a horizontal partition 52oiE thin plate, and a similar partition exists also in the steam-space8. The object of this arrangement is to'i'orce the steam to pass twicethrough the length oit the tubes, flowing from the less heated parts tothe more heated parts, and it is only after having passed through thelower tier that it passes into the steam-pipe leading to the engines.

Finally, I will now describe the means which I employ for obtaining aregular and well-deiined circulation of the water and steam in movementin the header 2.

In order to assist the circulation of the water in the header 2, I firstincline this chamber somewhat considerably toward the front of theapparatusthat is to say, toward the group of generating-tubes--and Ifurther arrange there two pipes 53 54, Fig. 10, one to the right and theother to the left, formed oi two plates 55, placed at a short distancefrom the irame 20, and thus dividing the header into three verticalcompartments, the middle one serving solely for the ascension oi' hotwater and steam in the direction indicated by the arrows 56, and theside compartments serving for the descent in the direction indicated bythe arrows 57 of the water vwhich has not been vaporized. The upper partof these lateral passages projects a little above the upper tier of thetubes, and the lower part projects alittle below the lowest row of thesesame tubes. This arrangement avoids any conflict between the ascendingand descending currents. I also arrange in the drum 3 and a little abovethe lowest level oi' the water contained therein two ladles or scoops58, Figs. 2 and 10, the bottom of which ends at a pipe 59, communieatingwith the exterior by a pipe fitted with a tap. (Not shown in theaccompanying drawings.) These scoops collect l'oreign bodies of slightdensity contained in the water, and such bodies are thrown into the saidscoops by the action of the agitation produced by the ascension of thesteam rising in the direction indicated by the arrows 57, Fig. l0. Itthen sui'- iices to open from time to time the sludgetaps correspondingto the scoops 58 in order to eliminate the substances in question.

It is needless to explain here the general working of this improvedgenerator forming my invention as a whole, such general workingpresenting, as compared with the working of the tubular generators atpresent known,

no differences other than those which have been clearly brought out inthe foregoing specification. I will simply remark in terminating that myimproved generator is particularly suitable for forming a doublegenerator having two fronts, which result is obtained by arranging awater-header the section of which is V-shaped and to the two branchesoi2 which the elements of the two generating groups are respectivelyscrewed. Fig. 1l represents a generator thus established.

I declare that what I claim is- 1 l. A multitubular boiler having agroup oiE inner and outer tubes, whose axes are inclined relative to oneanother; a compartment socalled water-header, for the circulation oi?water and steam, the said water-header being inclined toward the tubulargroup, which opens into it; two lateral partitions separating the saidgroup from the side walls ot' the waterheader, so as to form two lateralpassages allowing the non-vaporized water to easily descend, andproviding a large central passage for the ascension oi' the steam; asteam and water drum surmounting said water-header and containingextraction-scoops for collecting and expelling the light residuals drawnup by the ascending steam; a feed-reservoir at the lower part oit' thewater-header, comprising nozzles for individually feeding the innertubes oi' the lower rows of the tubular groups; a 'front platesupporting the i'ront end of all the outer tubes of said group; and atubular group for superheating the steam produced by the generatorproper, substantially as described. n

2. In a multitubular boiler having a group of inner and outer tubescommunicating with a water-header; trestles maintaining the axes of theinner tubes inclined to the axes of the outer tubes and preventing eachinner tube from advancing into the outer tube, while maintainingconstant the relative inclination oil the axes oi the two tubes; tunnelsprojecting the inner tubes into the water-header, and nozzlesrespectively connecting each funnel oi the lower tubes of the generatinggroup with the fecd-pump; longitudinal slots on the upper generatrix ofthe inner tubes, and movable sockets accessible from the outside 'forclosing the outer tubes at their front end; substantially as described.

3. In a multitubular boiler haring a waterheader, a steam and waterdrinn surniounting said water-header and a tubular group forsuperheating the steam produced by the generator proper; a connection ontop of the steam and water drinn and one end ol a steainheader in whichopen the tubes oi the superheater, the said tubes being' closed at oneof their ends, and having a horizontal diaphragm arranged in a planediametral with said tubes and stopping a little in front oic theirclosed situated at the end of the steam-header oppo-4 site at which thesteam to be superhcated enters;,and an auxiliary pipe for taking the IOOIIO

steam, situated in the steam-header at this latter end; substantially asdescribed.

4. A multitubular boiler having two groups of tubes symmetricallyinclined relative to the vertical median plane of the boiler, each groupof tubes including inner and outer tubes whose axes are inclinedrelative to one another; a compartment so-called water-l1eade1"or thecirculation ot' water and steam, the said water-header having two frontwalls respectively inclined toward each tubular group which open intoit; two lateral partitions separating the said groups from the sidewalls of the water header, so as to form two lateral passages allowingthe non-vaporized water to easily descend, and providing a large centralpassage. for the ascension of the steam; a steam and water drumsurmounting said water-header and containing extraction-scoops forcollecting and expelling the light residuals drawn up by the ascendingsteam; a feed-reservoir at the lower part of the water-header,comprising nozzles for individually feeding the inner tubes of the lowerrows of the tubular groups; two front plates supporting respectively thefront end of all the outer tubes of each of said groups; two tubulargroups for superheating the steam produced by the generator proper, andtwo connections between the top of the steam and water drum and one endof each steam-header in which open the tubes of the superheaters,substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

ERNEST DUCHESNE.

Witnesses:

HANsoN C. COKE, JULES FAYOLLET.

